Introduction
Vagrant is a tool for building and managing virtual machine
environments in a single workflow. With an easy-to-use workflow and focus on
automation, Vagrant lowers development environment setup time, increases
production parity, and makes the "works on my machine" excuse a relic
of the past.
Vagrant, an open-source software product for building and maintaining portable virtual
development environments. Written
in: Ruby
The Hashicorp Repository Contains More Than 10,000 Boxes !
Alternatives: Docker, CLI Tools, Terraform
Why Vagrant ?
Every developer has faced problems
when it comes to setting up a development environment. Usually the environment
behaves as it should on one machine, while on another machine it behaves
differently or does not function at all.
Vagrant changes the way how developers setup
their work environments and maintain them. Vagrant makes it possible to create
a configurable portable development environment easily. These environments need
to be configured in a so-called Vagrantfile to
get completely configured.
In this Vagrantfile file, the developer specifies how the environment
should be set up, configured, which software should be installed and which
operating system should be used. This Vagrantfile can then be distributed among
other developers who just need this file in order to set up the same
development environment on their own machine. Vagrant will then follow every
step as defined in the provided Vagrantfile and initialize the machine.
·
Vagrant encourages automation to set up your
development environments using shell scripts or configuration management
software.
·
Vagrant allows you to work with the same
operating system that is running in production, whether your physical
development machine is running Linux, Mac OS X, or Windows.
If you were to run the virtual development environment
manually — without Vagrant’s help, that is — you would have to follow these
steps:
1.
Download the VM image.
2.
Start the VM.
3.
Configure the VM’s shared directories and
network interfaces.
4.
Maybe install some software within the VM.
With Vagrant, all these tasks (and many more) are automated.
The command $ vagrant up can do the following (depending on the configuration
file):
·
Automatically download and install a VM, if
necessary
·
Boot the VM
·
Configure various resources: RAM, CPUs, network
connections, and shared folders
·
Install additional software within the VM by
using tools such as Puppet, Chef,
·
Ansible, and Salt
Vagrant sits on top of existing and well-known
virtualization solutions such as VirtualBox, VMWare Workstation, VMWare Fusion,
and Hyper-V; and provides a unified and simple command-line interface to manage
VMs. To work with Vagrant, you have to install
at least one provider.
In Vagrant terminology, a provider is a software virtualization solution such as VirtualBox,
VMWare Fusion, or VMWare Workstation.
$ vagrant init [url]
$ vagrant up
$ vagrant halt
$ vagrant destroy [--force]
$ vagrant reload
$ vagrant ssh
$ vagrant status
1.Set the Proxy on
cmdline, if you are in private network
set http_proxy=http://10.219.2.220:80
set https_proxy=http://10.219.2.220:80
Installation
2.
After download, just run the binary and install
it.
4.
Again, just run the binary to install it.
2.Vagrant is
a command-line based tool. Once installation is complete, open a console window
and create a new directory called 'vagrant_intro’ to work with new Vagrant
box
cd ~
mkdir vagrant_intro
cd vagrant_intro
3. To add a
box, goto box repository: https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search
Run this command:
$ vagrant box add <name>
$ vagrant box add ubuntu/trusty64
This will download the box named
"hashicorp/precise64" from HashiCorp's Vagrant Cloud box
catalog .
In the above command, you will notice that boxes are
namespaced. Boxes are broken down into two parts - the username and the box name - separated by a slash
4.To create
an environment, inside your folder run init command, it will create ‘vagrantfile’
vagrant init ubuntu/trusty64
It will downloads the Ubuntu Box into our local mechine, we
can check the downloaded Box by going this location Windows : C:\Users\<Username>\.vagrant.d\boxes Linux/Mac: ~/.vagrant.d/boxes
The
generated 'Vagrantfile' is a Ruby file that controls your [one or more] virtual
machines.
A 'Vagrantfile'
has been placed in this
directory. You are now ready to 'vagrant up' your first virtual environment! Please read the
comments in the
Vagrantfile as well as documentation on'vagrantup.com' for more information
on using Vagrant.
5.Start the
Environment
$ vagrant up
6. connect
to Environment
$ vagrant ssh
To Set
Shared folder, edit vagrantfile as
config.vm.synced_folder "D:\\DevOps\\Instl\\VagrantBoxes\\SyncFolder",
"/vagrant"
we named our syncd folder as “vagrant”, you can find the
files in Syncfolder by going /vagrant/
1.Install
sudo apt-get install vagrant
satya@satya-Aspire-E5-523:~/Desktop/DevOps/vagrant$
mkdir centos
satya@satya-Aspire-E5-523:~/Desktop/DevOps/vagrant$
cd centos/
satya@satya-Aspire-E5-523:~/Desktop/DevOps/vagrant/centos$
vagrant box
add centos/7
==> box: Loading metadata for box
'centos/7'
box: URL: https://vagrantcloud.com/centos/7
This box can work with multiple
providers! The providers that it
can work with are listed below.
Please review the list and choose
the provider you will be working
with.
1) hyperv
2) libvirt
3) virtualbox
4) vmware_desktop
Enter your choice: 3
==> box: Adding box
'centos/7' (v1804.02) for provider: virtualbox
box: Downloading:
https://vagrantcloud.com/centos/boxes/7/versions/1804.02/providers/virtualbox.box
==> box: Successfully added box
'centos/7' (v1804.02) for 'virtualbox'!
satya@satya-Aspire-E5-523:~/Desktop/DevOps/vagrant/centos$ ls
satya@satya-Aspire-E5-523:~/Desktop/DevOps/vagrant/centos$
vagrant init
centos/7A `Vagrantfile`
has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first
virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as
well as documentation on
`vagrantup.com` for more information
on using Vagrant.
satya@satya-Aspire-E5-523:~/Desktop/DevOps/vagrant/centos$
vagrant up
Bringing machine
'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Importing base box
'centos/7'...
==> default: Matching MAC address
for NAT networking...
==> default: Checking if box
'centos/7' is up to date...
==> default: Setting the name of
the VM: centos_default_1537980466397_98016
==> default: Clearing any
previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network
interfaces based on configuration...
default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine
to boot. This may take a few minutes...
default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
default: SSH username: vagrant
default: SSH auth method: private key
default: Warning: Remote connection disconnect. Retrying...
default:
default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically
replace
default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
default:
default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's
present...
default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH
key...
==> default: Machine booted and
ready!
==> default: Checking for guest
additions in VM...
default: No guest additions were detected on the base box for this VM!
Guest
default: additions are required for forwarded ports, shared folders,
host only
default: networking, and more. If SSH fails on this machine, please
install
default: the guest additions and repackage the box to continue.
default:
default: This is not an error message; everything may continue to work
properly,
default: in which case you may ignore this message.
==> default: Rsyncing folder:
/home/satya/Desktop/DevOps/vagrant/centos/ => /vagrant
satya@satya-Aspire-E5-523:~/Desktop/DevOps/vagrant/centos$
satya@satya-Aspire-E5-523:~/Desktop/DevOps/vagrant/centos$
vagrant ssh
CentOS
Default username/passwd is root/vagrant
How to
Download Vagrant Box Manually
Save:
box.sh, run on terminal
/* this is
the box (and the version) that we want to download from:
https://app.vagrantup.com/debian/boxes/jessie64 */
wget https://app.vagrantup.com/debian/boxes/jessie64/versions/8.9.0/providers/virtualbox.box
-O debian-jessie64-8.9.0.box
/* add the
box to vagrant */
vagrant box add debian/jessie64
debian-jessie64-8.9.0.box
/* update
box version */
cd ~/.vagrant.d/boxes/debian-VAGRANTSLASH-jessie64/
mv 0 8.9.0
/* create
metadata_url file */
echo -n
"https://app.vagrantup.com/debian/boxes/jessie64" > metadata_url
/* show
vagrant boxes */
vagrant box list
Set Public static IP Address for vagrant box
Since release 1.3.0: we can set Static IP on public networks.
you just have to put this configuration in your Vagrantfile (documentation):
you just have to put this configuration in your Vagrantfile (documentation):
config.vm.network "public_network", ip: "192.168.0.200
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